The Greek letters iota, eta, sigma at the juncture of the vertical and horizontal shafts are the abbreviation of “Jesus” in Greek.

The circle in the Celtic Cross was more than a means of supporting the arms of the carved stone piece. Some scholars claim that the circle — an unbroken line – was intended to convey eternal life through the Risen One who is with us always.

At the foot of the Memorial Garden Celtic Cross may be found the typical Celtic knot. This pattern of interlocking threads was a favorite way of picturing the way all things on earth and heaven are interconnected.

What may appear to be mere curlicues immediately adjacent to the four small crosses in circles is undoubtedly an adaptation of another favorite symbol in Celtic Christian art, namely the Vine. It recalls Jesus’ words, “I am the Vine; you are the branches…apart from me you can do nothing: (John 15:1-11).

The overall shape of the Celtic Cross had deep meaning to those Christians. The upward shaft signified God, the transcending Creator. The two arms represented Christ, reaching out for all humanity. God and Christ – Creator and Savior – Creation and Salvation: the two touchstones of theology in the Celtic Church

Linking these is The Holy Spirit, circling the entire universe with them. Thus the Trinity was portrayed as part of the stone’s message.